File: //usr/share/selinux/devel/include/system/authlogin.if
## <summary>Common policy for authentication and user login.</summary>
########################################
## <summary>
## Role access for password authentication.
## </summary>
## <param name="role">
## <summary>
## Role allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_role',`
gen_require(`
type chkpwd_t, chkpwd_exec_t, shadow_t;
')
role $1 types chkpwd_t;
# Transition from the user domain to this domain.
auth_domtrans_chkpwd($2)
ps_process_pattern($2, chkpwd_t)
dontaudit $2 shadow_t:file read_file_perms;
logging_send_syslog_msg($2)
logging_send_audit_msgs($2)
usermanage_read_crack_db($2)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Use PAM for authentication.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_use_pam',`
# for SSP/ProPolice
dev_read_urand($1)
# for encrypted homedir
dev_read_sysfs($1)
auth_domtrans_chk_passwd($1)
auth_domtrans_upd_passwd($1)
auth_dontaudit_read_shadow($1)
auth_read_login_records($1)
auth_append_login_records($1)
auth_rw_lastlog($1)
auth_create_lastlog($1)
auth_manage_faillog($1)
auth_exec_pam($1)
auth_use_nsswitch($1)
init_rw_stream_sockets($1)
logging_send_audit_msgs($1)
logging_send_syslog_msg($1)
userdom_search_user_tmp_dirs($1)
optional_policy(`
dbus_system_bus_client($1)
optional_policy(`
consolekit_dbus_chat($1)
')
optional_policy(`
fprintd_dbus_chat($1)
')
')
optional_policy(`
kerberos_manage_host_rcache($1)
kerberos_read_config($1)
')
optional_policy(`
locallogin_getattr_home_content($1)
')
optional_policy(`
nis_authenticate($1)
')
optional_policy(`
systemd_dbus_chat_logind($1)
systemd_use_fds_logind($1)
systemd_write_inherited_logind_sessions_pipes($1)
systemd_read_logind_sessions_files($1)
')
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Make the specified domain used for a login program.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain type used for a login program domain.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_login_pgm_domain',`
gen_require(`
type var_auth_t, auth_cache_t;
attribute polydomain;
attribute login_pgm;
')
domain_type($1)
typeattribute $1 polydomain;
typeattribute $1 login_pgm;
domain_subj_id_change_exemption($1)
domain_role_change_exemption($1)
domain_obj_id_change_exemption($1)
role system_r types $1;
selinux_get_fs_mount($1)
mls_file_read_all_levels($1)
mls_file_write_all_levels($1)
mls_file_upgrade($1)
mls_file_downgrade($1)
mls_process_set_level($1)
mls_process_write_to_clearance($1)
mls_fd_share_all_levels($1)
auth_use_pam($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read authlogin state files.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`authlogin_read_state',`
gen_require(`
attribute polydomain;
')
kernel_search_proc($1)
ps_process_pattern($1, polydomain)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read and write a authlogin unnamed pipe.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`authlogin_rw_pipes',`
gen_require(`
attribute polydomain;
')
allow $1 polydomain:fifo_file rw_inherited_fifo_file_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Use the login program as an entry point program.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_login_entry_type',`
gen_require(`
type login_exec_t;
')
domain_entry_file($1, login_exec_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Make the specified type usable as a
## login file.
## </summary>
## <desc>
## <p>
## Make the specified type usable as a login file,
## This type has restricted modification capabilities when used with
## other interfaces that permit files_type access.
## The default type has properties similar to that of the shadow file.
## This will also make the type usable as a security file, making
## calls to files_security_file() redundant.
## </p>
## </desc>
## <param name="type">
## <summary>
## Type to be used as a login file.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <infoflow type="none"/>
#
interface(`auth_file',`
refpolicywarn(`$0($*) has been deprecated, use files_auth_file() instead.')
files_auth_file($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute a login_program in the target domain.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="target_domain">
## <summary>
## The type of the login_program process.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_domtrans_login_program',`
gen_require(`
type login_exec_t;
')
corecmd_search_bin($1)
domtrans_pattern($1, login_exec_t, $2)
allow $1 login_exec_t:file map;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute a login_program in the caller domain.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_exec_login_program',`
gen_require(`
type login_exec_t;
')
corecmd_search_bin($1)
can_exec($1, login_exec_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute a login_program in the target domain,
## with a range transition.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="target_domain">
## <summary>
## The type of the login_program process.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="range">
## <summary>
## Range of the login program.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_ranged_domtrans_login_program',`
gen_require(`
type login_exec_t;
')
auth_domtrans_login_program($1, $2)
ifdef(`enable_mcs',`
range_transition $1 login_exec_t:process $3;
')
ifdef(`enable_mls',`
range_transition $1 login_exec_t:process $3;
')
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Search authentication cache
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_search_cache',`
gen_require(`
type auth_cache_t;
')
allow $1 auth_cache_t:dir search_dir_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read authentication cache
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_read_cache',`
gen_require(`
type auth_cache_t;
')
read_files_pattern($1, auth_cache_t, auth_cache_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read/Write authentication cache
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_rw_cache',`
gen_require(`
type auth_cache_t;
')
rw_files_pattern($1, auth_cache_t, auth_cache_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Create authentication cache
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_create_cache',`
gen_require(`
type auth_cache_t;
')
create_files_pattern($1, auth_cache_t, auth_cache_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Manage authentication cache
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_manage_cache',`
gen_require(`
type auth_cache_t;
')
manage_dirs_pattern($1, auth_cache_t, auth_cache_t)
manage_files_pattern($1, auth_cache_t, auth_cache_t)
allow $1 auth_cache_t:file map;
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Automatic transition from cache_t to cache.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_var_filetrans_cache',`
gen_require(`
type auth_cache_t;
')
files_var_filetrans($1, auth_cache_t, { file dir } )
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Run unix_chkpwd to check a password.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_domtrans_chk_passwd',`
gen_require(`
type chkpwd_t, chkpwd_exec_t, shadow_t;
type auth_cache_t;
')
allow $1 auth_cache_t:dir search_dir_perms;
corecmd_search_bin($1)
domtrans_pattern($1, chkpwd_exec_t, chkpwd_t)
allow $1 chkpwd_exec_t:file map;
dontaudit $1 shadow_t:file read_file_perms;
dev_read_rand($1)
dev_read_urand($1)
auth_use_nsswitch($1)
auth_rw_faillog($1)
logging_send_audit_msgs($1)
miscfiles_read_generic_certs($1)
optional_policy(`
kerberos_read_keytab($1)
')
optional_policy(`
pcscd_read_pid_files($1)
pcscd_stream_connect($1)
')
optional_policy(`
samba_stream_connect_winbind($1)
')
auth_domtrans_upd_passwd($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Run unix_chkpwd to check a password.
## Stripped down version to be called within boolean
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_domtrans_chkpwd',`
gen_require(`
type chkpwd_t, chkpwd_exec_t, shadow_t;
')
corecmd_search_bin($1)
domtrans_pattern($1, chkpwd_exec_t, chkpwd_t)
dontaudit $1 shadow_t:file { getattr read };
auth_domtrans_upd_passwd($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute chkpwd in the caller domain.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_exec_chkpwd',`
gen_require(`
type chkpwd_exec_t;
')
allow $1 chkpwd_exec_t:file execute;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute chkpwd programs in the chkpwd domain.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="role">
## <summary>
## The role to allow the chkpwd domain.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_run_chk_passwd',`
gen_require(`
type chkpwd_t;
')
auth_domtrans_chk_passwd($1)
role $2 types chkpwd_t;
auth_run_upd_passwd($1, $2)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Send generic signals to chkpwd processes.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_signal_chk_passwd',`
gen_require(`
type chkpwd_t;
')
allow $1 chkpwd_t:process signal;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute a domain transition to run unix_update.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_domtrans_upd_passwd',`
gen_require(`
type updpwd_t, updpwd_exec_t;
')
domtrans_pattern($1, updpwd_exec_t, updpwd_t)
auth_dontaudit_read_shadow($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute updpwd programs in the updpwd domain.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="role">
## <summary>
## The role to allow the updpwd domain.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_run_upd_passwd',`
gen_require(`
type updpwd_t;
')
auth_domtrans_upd_passwd($1)
role $2 types updpwd_t;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Get the attributes of the shadow passwords file.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_getattr_shadow',`
gen_require(`
type shadow_t;
')
files_search_etc($1)
allow $1 shadow_t:file getattr;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Do not audit attempts to get the attributes
## of the shadow passwords file.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain to not audit.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_dontaudit_getattr_shadow',`
gen_require(`
type shadow_t;
')
dontaudit $1 shadow_t:file getattr;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Mmap the shadow passwords file.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_map_shadow',`
gen_require(`
type shadow_t;
')
allow $1 shadow_t:file map;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read the shadow passwords file (/etc/shadow)
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
# cjp: these next three interfaces are split
# since typeattribute does not work in conditionals
# yet, otherwise they should be one interface.
#
interface(`auth_read_shadow',`
auth_can_read_shadow_passwords($1)
auth_tunable_read_shadow($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Pass shadow assertion for reading.
## </summary>
## <desc>
## <p>
## Pass shadow assertion for reading.
## This should only be used with
## auth_tunable_read_shadow(), and
## only exists because typeattribute
## does not work in conditionals.
## </p>
## </desc>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_can_read_shadow_passwords',`
gen_require(`
attribute can_read_shadow_passwords;
')
typeattribute $1 can_read_shadow_passwords;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read the shadow password file.
## </summary>
## <desc>
## <p>
## Read the shadow password file. This
## should only be used in a conditional;
## it does not pass the reading shadow
## assertion.
## </p>
## </desc>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_tunable_read_shadow',`
gen_require(`
type shadow_t;
')
files_list_etc($1)
allow $1 shadow_t:file read_file_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Do not audit attempts to read the shadow
## password file (/etc/shadow).
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain to not audit.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_dontaudit_read_shadow',`
gen_require(`
type shadow_t;
')
dontaudit $1 shadow_t:file read_file_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read and write the shadow password file (/etc/shadow).
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_rw_shadow',`
gen_require(`
attribute can_read_shadow_passwords, can_write_shadow_passwords;
type shadow_t;
')
files_list_etc($1)
allow $1 shadow_t:file rw_file_perms;
typeattribute $1 can_read_shadow_passwords, can_write_shadow_passwords;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Create, read, write, and delete the shadow
## password file.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_manage_shadow',`
gen_require(`
attribute can_read_shadow_passwords, can_write_shadow_passwords;
type shadow_t;
')
allow $1 shadow_t:file manage_file_perms;
typeattribute $1 can_read_shadow_passwords, can_write_shadow_passwords;
files_var_filetrans($1, shadow_t, file, "shadow")
files_var_filetrans($1, shadow_t, file, "shadow-")
files_etc_filetrans($1, shadow_t, file, "gshadow")
files_etc_filetrans($1, shadow_t, file, "nshadow")
files_etc_filetrans($1, shadow_t, file, "opasswd")
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Automatic transition from etc to shadow.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_etc_filetrans_shadow',`
gen_require(`
type shadow_t;
')
files_etc_filetrans($1, shadow_t, file)
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Relabel to the shadow
## password file type.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_relabelto_shadow',`
gen_require(`
attribute can_relabelto_shadow_passwords;
type shadow_t;
')
files_search_etc($1)
allow $1 shadow_t:file relabelto;
typeattribute $1 can_relabelto_shadow_passwords;
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Relabel from and to the shadow
## password file type.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_relabel_shadow',`
gen_require(`
attribute can_relabelto_shadow_passwords;
type shadow_t;
')
files_search_etc($1)
allow $1 shadow_t:file relabel_file_perms;
typeattribute $1 can_relabelto_shadow_passwords;
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Append to the login failure log.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_append_faillog',`
gen_require(`
type faillog_t;
')
logging_search_logs($1)
allow $1 faillog_t:file append_file_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read and write the login failure log.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_rw_faillog',`
gen_require(`
type faillog_t;
')
logging_search_logs($1)
rw_files_pattern($1, faillog_t, faillog_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Relabel the login failure log.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_relabel_faillog',`
gen_require(`
type faillog_t;
')
allow $1 faillog_t:dir relabel_dir_perms;
allow $1 faillog_t:file relabel_file_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Manage the login failure log.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_manage_faillog',`
gen_require(`
type faillog_t;
')
logging_search_logs($1)
files_search_pids($1)
allow $1 faillog_t:dir manage_dir_perms;
allow $1 faillog_t:file manage_file_perms;
logging_log_named_filetrans($1, faillog_t, file, "tallylog")
logging_log_named_filetrans($1, faillog_t, file, "faillog")
logging_log_named_filetrans($1, faillog_t, file, "btmp")
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Read the last logins log.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <rolecap/>
#
interface(`auth_read_lastlog',`
gen_require(`
type lastlog_t;
')
logging_search_logs($1)
allow $1 lastlog_t:file read_file_perms;
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Append only to the last logins log.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_append_lastlog',`
gen_require(`
type lastlog_t;
')
logging_search_logs($1)
allow $1 lastlog_t:file { append_file_perms lock };
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Read and write to the last logins log.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_rw_lastlog',`
gen_require(`
type lastlog_t;
')
logging_search_logs($1)
allow $1 lastlog_t:file { rw_file_perms lock setattr };
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Manage create logins log.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_create_lastlog',`
gen_require(`
type lastlog_t;
')
logging_search_logs($1)
allow $1 lastlog_t:file create;
logging_log_named_filetrans($1, lastlog_t, file, "lastlog")
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute pam timestamp programs in the pam timestamp domain.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_domtrans_pam_timestamp',`
gen_require(`
type pam_timestamp_t, pam_timestamp_exec_t;
')
domtrans_pattern($1, pam_timestamp_exec_t, pam_timestamp_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute pam timestamp programs in the pam timestamp domain.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_domtrans_pam',`
auth_domtrans_pam_timestamp($1)
refpolicywarn(`$0() has been deprecated, please use auth_domtrans_pam_timestamp() instead.')
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Send generic signals to pam processes.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_signal_pam',`
gen_require(`
type pam_timestamp_t;
')
allow $1 pam_timestamp_t:process signal;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute pam_timestamp programs in the PAM timestamp domain.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="role">
## <summary>
## The role to allow the PAM domain.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_run_pam_timestamp',`
gen_require(`
type pam_timestamp_t;
')
auth_domtrans_pam_timestamp($1)
role $2 types pam_timestamp_t;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute pam_timestamp programs in the PAM timestamp domain.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="role">
## <summary>
## The role to allow the PAM domain.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_run_pam',`
auth_run_pam_timestamp($1, $2)
refpolicywarn(`$0() has been deprecated, please use auth_run_pam_timestamp.')
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute the pam program.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_exec_pam',`
gen_require(`
type pam_exec_t;
')
can_exec($1, pam_exec_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read var auth files. Used by various other applications
## and pam applets etc.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_read_var_auth',`
gen_require(`
type var_auth_t;
')
files_search_var($1)
read_files_pattern($1, var_auth_t, var_auth_t)
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Read and write var auth files. Used by various other applications
## and pam applets etc.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_rw_var_auth',`
gen_require(`
type var_auth_t;
')
files_search_var($1)
rw_files_pattern($1, var_auth_t, var_auth_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Manage var auth files. Used by various other applications
## and pam applets etc.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_manage_var_auth',`
gen_require(`
type var_auth_t;
')
files_search_var($1)
manage_dirs_pattern($1, var_auth_t, var_auth_t)
manage_files_pattern($1, var_auth_t, var_auth_t)
manage_lnk_files_pattern($1, var_auth_t, var_auth_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Relabel all var auth files. Used by various other applications
## and pam applets etc.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_relabel_var_auth_dirs',`
gen_require(`
type var_auth_t;
')
files_search_var($1)
relabel_dirs_pattern($1, var_auth_t, var_auth_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read PAM PID files.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_read_pam_pid',`
gen_require(`
type pam_var_run_t;
')
files_search_pids($1)
allow $1 pam_var_run_t:dir list_dir_perms;
allow $1 pam_var_run_t:file read_file_perms;
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Do not audit attemps to read PAM PID files.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain to not audit.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_dontaudit_read_pam_pid',`
gen_require(`
type pam_var_run_t;
')
dontaudit $1 pam_var_run_t:file { getattr read };
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Delete pam PID files.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_delete_pam_pid',`
gen_require(`
type pam_var_run_t;
')
files_search_pids($1)
allow $1 pam_var_run_t:dir del_entry_dir_perms;
allow $1 pam_var_run_t:file delete_file_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Manage pam PID files.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_manage_pam_pid',`
gen_require(`
type pam_var_run_t;
')
files_search_pids($1)
allow $1 pam_var_run_t:dir manage_dir_perms;
allow $1 pam_var_run_t:file manage_file_perms;
files_pid_filetrans($1, pam_var_run_t, dir, "pam_mount")
files_pid_filetrans($1, pam_var_run_t, dir, "pam_ssh")
files_pid_filetrans($1, pam_var_run_t, dir, "sepermit")
files_pid_filetrans($1, pam_var_run_t, dir, "sudo")
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute pam_console with a domain transition.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_domtrans_pam_console',`
gen_require(`
type pam_console_t, pam_console_exec_t;
')
domtrans_pattern($1, pam_console_exec_t, pam_console_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Search the contents of the
## pam_console data directory.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_search_pam_console_data',`
gen_require(`
type pam_var_console_t;
')
files_search_pids($1)
allow $1 pam_var_console_t:dir search_dir_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## List the contents of the pam_console
## data directory.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_list_pam_console_data',`
gen_require(`
type pam_var_console_t;
')
files_search_pids($1)
allow $1 pam_var_console_t:dir list_dir_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Create pam var console pid directories.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_create_pam_console_data_dirs',`
gen_require(`
type pam_var_console_t;
')
files_search_pids($1)
allow $1 pam_var_console_t:dir create_dir_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Relabel pam_console data directories.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_relabel_pam_console_data_dirs',`
gen_require(`
type pam_var_console_t;
')
relabel_dirs_pattern($1, pam_var_console_t, pam_var_console_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read pam_console data files.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_read_pam_console_data',`
gen_require(`
type pam_var_console_t;
')
files_search_pids($1)
allow $1 pam_var_console_t:dir list_dir_perms;
allow $1 pam_var_console_t:file read_file_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Create, read, write, and delete
## pam_console data files.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_manage_pam_console_data',`
gen_require(`
type pam_var_console_t;
')
files_search_pids($1)
manage_files_pattern($1, pam_var_console_t, pam_var_console_t)
manage_lnk_files_pattern($1, pam_var_console_t, pam_var_console_t)
files_pid_filetrans($1, pam_var_console_t, dir, "console")
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Delete pam_console data.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_delete_pam_console_data',`
gen_require(`
type pam_var_console_t;
')
files_search_var($1)
files_search_pids($1)
delete_files_pattern($1, pam_var_console_t, pam_var_console_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Create specified objects in
## pid directories with the pam var
## console pid file type using a
## file type transition.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="object_class">
## <summary>
## Class of the object being created.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="name" optional="true">
## <summary>
## The name of the object being created.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_pid_filetrans_pam_var_console',`
gen_require(`
type pam_var_console_t;
')
files_pid_filetrans($1, pam_var_console_t, $2, $3)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read all directories on the filesystem, except
## login files and listed exceptions.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="exception_types" optional="true">
## <summary>
## The types to be excluded. Each type or attribute
## must be negated by the caller.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_read_all_dirs_except_auth_files',`
refpolicywarn(`$0($*) has been deprecated, use files_list_non_auth_dirs() instead.')
files_list_non_auth_dirs($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read all directories on the filesystem, except
## the shadow passwords and listed exceptions.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="exception_types" optional="true">
## <summary>
## The types to be excluded. Each type or attribute
## must be negated by the caller.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_read_all_dirs_except_shadow',`
refpolicywarn(`$0($*) has been deprecated, use files_list_non_auth_dirs() instead.')
files_list_non_auth_dirs($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read all files on the filesystem, except
## login files and listed exceptions.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="exception_types" optional="true">
## <summary>
## The types to be excluded. Each type or attribute
## must be negated by the caller.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <rolecap/>
#
interface(`auth_read_all_files_except_auth_files',`
refpolicywarn(`$0($*) has been deprecated, use files_read_non_auth_files() instead.')
files_read_non_auth_files($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read all files on the filesystem, except
## the shadow passwords and listed exceptions.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="exception_types" optional="true">
## <summary>
## The types to be excluded. Each type or attribute
## must be negated by the caller.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <rolecap/>
#
interface(`auth_read_all_files_except_shadow',`
refpolicywarn(`$0($*) has been deprecated, use files_read_non_auth_files() instead.')
files_read_non_auth_files($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read all symbolic links on the filesystem, except
## login files and listed exceptions.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="exception_types" optional="true">
## <summary>
## The types to be excluded. Each type or attribute
## must be negated by the caller.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_read_all_symlinks_except_auth_files',`
refpolicywarn(`$0($*) has been deprecated, use files_read_non_auth_symlinks() instead.')
files_read_non_auth_symlinks($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read all symbolic links on the filesystem, except
## the shadow passwords and listed exceptions.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="exception_types" optional="true">
## <summary>
## The types to be excluded. Each type or attribute
## must be negated by the caller.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_read_all_symlinks_except_shadow',`
refpolicywarn(`$0($*) has been deprecated, use files_read_non_auth_symlinks() instead.')
files_read_non_auth_symlinks($1)
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Relabel all files on the filesystem, except
## login files and listed exceptions.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="exception_types" optional="true">
## <summary>
## The types to be excluded. Each type or attribute
## must be negated by the caller.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_relabel_all_files_except_auth_files',`
refpolicywarn(`$0($*) has been deprecated, use files_relabel_non_auth_files() instead.')
files_relabel_non_auth_files($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Relabel all files on the filesystem, except
## the shadow passwords and listed exceptions.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="exception_types" optional="true">
## <summary>
## The types to be excluded. Each type or attribute
## must be negated by the caller.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_relabel_all_files_except_shadow',`
refpolicywarn(`$0($*) has been deprecated, use files_relabel_non_auth_files() instead.')
files_relabel_non_auth_files($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read and write all files on the filesystem, except
## login files and listed exceptions.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="exception_types" optional="true">
## <summary>
## The types to be excluded. Each type or attribute
## must be negated by the caller.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_rw_all_files_except_auth_files',`
refpolicywarn(`$0($*) has been deprecated, use files_rw_non_auth_files() instead.')
files_rw_non_auth_files($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read and write all files on the filesystem, except
## the shadow passwords and listed exceptions.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="exception_types" optional="true">
## <summary>
## The types to be excluded. Each type or attribute
## must be negated by the caller.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_rw_all_files_except_shadow',`
refpolicywarn(`$0($*) has been deprecated, use files_rw_non_auth_files() instead.')
files_rw_non_auth_files($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Manage all files on the filesystem, except
## login files passwords and listed exceptions.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="exception_types" optional="true">
## <summary>
## The types to be excluded. Each type or attribute
## must be negated by the caller.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_manage_all_files_except_auth_files',`
refpolicywarn(`$0($*) has been deprecated, use files_manage_non_auth_files() instead.')
files_manage_non_auth_files($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Manage all files on the filesystem, except
## the shadow passwords and listed exceptions.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="exception_types" optional="true">
## <summary>
## The types to be excluded. Each type or attribute
## must be negated by the caller.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_manage_all_files_except_shadow',`
refpolicywarn(`$0($*) has been deprecated, use files_manage_non_auth_files() instead.')
files_manage_non_auth_files($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute utempter programs in the utempter domain.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_domtrans_utempter',`
gen_require(`
type utempter_t, utempter_exec_t;
')
domtrans_pattern($1, utempter_exec_t, utempter_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Execute utempter programs in the utempter domain.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed to transition.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <param name="role">
## <summary>
## The role to allow the utempter domain.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_run_utempter',`
gen_require(`
type utempter_t;
')
auth_domtrans_utempter($1)
role $2 types utempter_t;
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Do not audit attemps to execute utempter executable.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain to not audit.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_dontaudit_exec_utempter',`
gen_require(`
type utempter_exec_t;
')
dontaudit $1 utempter_exec_t:file { execute execute_no_trans };
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Set the attributes of login record files.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_setattr_login_records',`
gen_require(`
type wtmp_t;
')
allow $1 wtmp_t:file setattr;
logging_search_logs($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Relabel login record files.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_relabel_login_records',`
gen_require(`
type wtmp_t;
')
allow $1 wtmp_t:file relabel_file_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read login records files (/var/log/wtmp).
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <rolecap/>
#
interface(`auth_read_login_records',`
gen_require(`
type wtmp_t;
')
logging_search_logs($1)
allow $1 wtmp_t:file read_file_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Do not audit attempts to read login records
## files (/var/log/wtmp).
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain to not audit.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <rolecap/>
#
interface(`auth_dontaudit_read_login_records',`
gen_require(`
type wtmp_t;
')
dontaudit $1 wtmp_t:file read_file_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Do not audit attempts to write to
## login records files.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain to not audit.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_dontaudit_write_login_records',`
gen_require(`
type wtmp_t;
')
dontaudit $1 wtmp_t:file write;
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Append to login records (wtmp).
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_append_login_records',`
gen_require(`
type wtmp_t;
')
allow $1 wtmp_t:file append_file_perms;
logging_search_logs($1)
')
#######################################
## <summary>
## Write to login records (wtmp).
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_write_login_records',`
gen_require(`
type wtmp_t;
')
allow $1 wtmp_t:file { write_file_perms lock };
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read and write login records.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_rw_login_records',`
gen_require(`
type wtmp_t;
')
allow $1 wtmp_t:file rw_file_perms;
logging_search_logs($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Create a login records in the log directory
## using a type transition.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_log_filetrans_login_records',`
gen_require(`
type wtmp_t;
')
logging_log_filetrans($1, wtmp_t, file)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Create, read, write, and delete login
## records files.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_manage_login_records',`
gen_require(`
type wtmp_t;
')
logging_rw_generic_log_dirs($1)
allow $1 wtmp_t:file manage_file_perms;
logging_log_named_filetrans($1, wtmp_t, file, "wtmp")
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Use nsswitch to look up user, password, group, or
## host information.
## </summary>
## <desc>
## <p>
## Allow the specified domain to look up user, password,
## group, or host information using the name service.
## The most common use of this interface is for services
## that do host name resolution (usually DNS resolution).
## </p>
## </desc>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
## <infoflow type="both" weight="10"/>
#
interface(`auth_use_nsswitch',`
gen_require(`
attribute nsswitch_domain;
')
typeattribute $1 nsswitch_domain;
corenet_all_recvfrom_netlabel($1)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Unconfined access to the authlogin module.
## </summary>
## <desc>
## <p>
## Unconfined access to the authlogin module.
## </p>
## <p>
## Currently, this only allows assertions for
## the shadow passwords file (/etc/shadow) to
## be passed. No access is granted yet.
## </p>
## </desc>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_unconfined',`
gen_require(`
attribute can_read_shadow_passwords;
attribute can_write_shadow_passwords;
attribute can_relabelto_shadow_passwords;
')
typeattribute $1 can_read_shadow_passwords;
typeattribute $1 can_write_shadow_passwords;
typeattribute $1 can_relabelto_shadow_passwords;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Transition to authlogin named content
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_filetrans_named_content',`
gen_require(`
type shadow_t;
type passwd_file_t;
type faillog_t;
type lastlog_t;
type wtmp_t;
type pam_var_console_t;
type pam_var_run_t;
type auth_cache_t;
')
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "group")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "group-")
#files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "group+")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "passwd")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "passwd-")
#files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "passwd+")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "passwd.OLD")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "ptmptmp")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "passwd.lock")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "group.lock")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "passwd.adjunct")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, ".pwd.lock")
files_etc_filetrans($1, shadow_t, file, "shadow")
files_etc_filetrans($1, shadow_t, file, "shadow-")
files_etc_filetrans($1, shadow_t, file, "gshadow")
files_etc_filetrans($1, shadow_t, file, "opasswd")
logging_log_named_filetrans($1, lastlog_t, file, "lastlog")
logging_log_named_filetrans($1, faillog_t, file, "tallylog")
logging_log_named_filetrans($1, faillog_t, file, "faillog")
logging_log_named_filetrans($1, faillog_t, file, "btmp")
files_pid_filetrans($1, faillog_t, file, "faillog")
files_pid_filetrans($1, faillog_t, dir, "faillock")
files_pid_filetrans($1, pam_var_console_t, dir, "console")
files_pid_filetrans($1, pam_var_run_t, dir, "pam_mount")
files_pid_filetrans($1, pam_var_run_t, dir, "pam_ssh")
files_pid_filetrans($1, pam_var_run_t, dir, "sepermit")
files_pid_filetrans($1, pam_var_run_t, dir, "sudo")
logging_log_named_filetrans($1, wtmp_t, file, "wtmp")
files_var_filetrans($1, auth_cache_t, dir, "coolkey")
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Get the attributes of the passwd passwords file.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_getattr_passwd',`
gen_require(`
type passwd_file_t;
')
files_search_etc($1)
allow $1 passwd_file_t:file getattr;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Do not audit attempts to get the attributes
## of the passwd passwords file.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain to not audit.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_dontaudit_getattr_passwd',`
gen_require(`
type passwd_file_t;
')
dontaudit $1 passwd_file_t:file getattr;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read the passwd passwords file (/etc/passwd)
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_read_passwd',`
gen_require(`
type passwd_file_t;
')
allow $1 passwd_file_t:file read_file_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Mmap the passwd passwords file (/etc/passwd)
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_map_passwd',`
gen_require(`
type passwd_file_t;
')
allow $1 passwd_file_t:file map;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Do not audit attempts to read the passwd
## password file (/etc/passwd).
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain to not audit.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_dontaudit_read_passwd',`
gen_require(`
type passwd_file_t;
')
dontaudit $1 passwd_file_t:file read_file_perms;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Create, read, write, and delete the passwd
## password file.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_manage_passwd',`
gen_require(`
type passwd_file_t;
')
files_rw_etc_dirs($1)
allow $1 passwd_file_t:file manage_file_perms;
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "passwd")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "passwd-")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "ptmptmp")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "group")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "group-")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, ".pwd.lock")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "passwd.lock")
files_etc_filetrans($1, passwd_file_t, file, "group.lock")
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Create auth directory in the /root directory
## with an correct label.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_filetrans_admin_home_content',`
gen_require(`
type auth_home_t;
')
userdom_admin_home_dir_filetrans($1, auth_home_t, file, ".google_authenticator")
userdom_admin_home_dir_filetrans($1, auth_home_t, file, ".google_authenticator~")
userdom_admin_home_dir_filetrans($1, auth_home_t, dir, ".yubico")
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read the authorization data in the user home directory
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_read_home_content',`
gen_require(`
type auth_home_t;
')
userdom_search_user_home_dirs($1)
read_files_pattern($1, auth_home_t, auth_home_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Read the authorization data in the user home directory
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_manage_home_content',`
gen_require(`
type auth_home_t;
')
userdom_search_user_home_dirs($1)
manage_files_pattern($1, auth_home_t, auth_home_t)
manage_dirs_pattern($1, auth_home_t, auth_home_t)
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Create auth directory in the user home directory
## with an correct label.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_filetrans_home_content',`
gen_require(`
type auth_home_t;
')
userdom_user_home_dir_filetrans($1, auth_home_t, file, ".google_authenticator")
userdom_user_home_dir_filetrans($1, auth_home_t, file, ".google_authenticator~")
userdom_user_home_dir_filetrans($1, auth_home_t, dir, ".yubico")
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Send a SIGCHLD signal to login programs.
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_login_pgm_sigchld',`
gen_require(`
attribute login_pgm;
')
allow $1 login_pgm:process sigchld;
')
########################################
## <summary>
## Manage the keyrings of all login programs
## </summary>
## <param name="domain">
## <summary>
## Domain allowed access.
## </summary>
## </param>
#
interface(`auth_login_manage_key',`
gen_require(`
attribute login_pgm;
')
allow $1 login_pgm:key manage_key_perms;
')